2009级陈玲争端解决机制

nullTOPIC3TOPIC3 Contract provisions about dispute forum and governing law The forum selection ClauseThe forum selection ClauseForum non convenience is doctrine which allows a court to refuse to accept jurisdicition over a case. “Doctrine of Forum Non Convenient”——“不方便法院” 法院对案件的管辖需要与该国有一定的联系，被选择的第三国法院可能会以“不方便法院”为理由，拒绝对特定案件行使管辖权。 Eg:《欧洲关于法院对民、商事管辖权和判决执行的公约》nullThe COGSA has long been considered the archetype of “mandatory law” . The COGSA :United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea ,1978.《1978年联合国海上货物运输国际公约》或《汉堡 规则 编码规则下载淘宝规则下载天猫规则下载麻将竞赛规则pdf麻将竞赛规则pdf 》。 《汉堡规则》第21条《汉堡规则》第21条Jurisdiction 1.      In judicial proceedings relating to carriage of goods under this Convention the plaintiff, at his option, may institute an action in a court which, according to the law of the State where the court is situated, is competent and within the jurisdiction of which is situated one of the following places: null(a)        the principal place of business or, in the absence thereof, the habitual residence of the defendant; or (b)       the place where the contract was made provided that the defendant has there a place of business, branch or agency through which the contract was made; or (c)        the port of loading or the port of discharge; or (d)       any additional place designated for that purpose in the contract of carriage by sea. 《汉堡规则》《汉堡规则》管辖权：第21条，依规定原告得在下列地点之一提起诉讼： 1、被告主要营业所，或无主要营业时，其通常居所； 2、 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 订立地，而合同是通过被告在该地的营业所、分支或代理机构订立的； 3、装货港或卸货港； 4、海上运输合同中规定的其他地点。 The choice of law clauseThe choice of law clause适用法律条款 Where the validity of the Choice of Law Clause is determined by states. 依照目前世界各国的立法与司法实践，在国际商事诉讼中一般承认意思自治原则，允许当事人协商选择所适用的法律。 Autonomy principle:意思自治原则 there seem to be two different approaches. oneone A reasonable relation合理联系 The UCC permits the parties to choose the law governing the contract, as long as the transaction bears “a reasonable relation” to the jurisdiction providing the governing law. twotwoUnlimited autonomy 完全自由的意思自治 In the EU, the 1980 Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligation also allows unlimited party autonomy.The Closest ConnectionThe Closest Connection最密切联系 Failing choice of the law,the contract is governed by the law of the place with which it has the closest connection.当事人没有选择法律的，适用合同的最密切联系地法。 是对意思自治原则的补充，即在与合同有关的两个或两个以上国家的法律中，选择与合同最密切联系的国家的法律加以适用。Topic 4Topic 4International commercial arbitration Why arbitration?Why arbitration?ADR(alternative dispute resolution) 选择性的解决争议的方法 The growth of ICA is in part a retreat from the vicissitudes and uncertainties of international businesses litigation.nullThe disadventage of international businesses litigation: Jurisdiction管辖权、Procedural Issues程序问题、法律规则、法院执行。The adventages of ICAThe adventages of ICAOne of the most attractive attributes of ICA is the enforceability in national courts of arbitral awards under the New York Convention.nullAnother major advantage of ICA is the support of legal regimes that give arbitration agreements dispositive effects. “一裁终局”The disadventage of ICAThe disadventage of ICAOne of the least attractive attributes of ICA is the minimal availability of pre-trial provisional remedies. Eg:诉前财产保全,诉前证据保全 Types of international commercial arbitrationsTypes of international commercial arbitrations There are two basic types of international commercial arbitration: ad hoc and institutional. nullAd hoc arbitration involves selection of a specific arbitration center or “court,” often accompanied by its own rules of arbitration. Institutional arbitration presupposes a certain amount of goodwill and flexibility between the parties. It can be speedy and less costly than Ad hoc arbitration.International arbitral rules ：International arbitral rules ：常设性仲裁机构都制定有自己的仲裁规则，有的仲裁机构规定，如果当事人选择该仲裁机构，则该机构的仲裁规则必须适用，有的仲裁机构则允许当事人自行决定采用其他的国际商事仲裁规则。 临时仲裁庭进行仲裁，双方当事人可以自由选择仲裁规则。 International arbitral rules:International arbitral rules:UNCITRAL and ICSID UNCITRAL : The Model International Commercial Arbitration Rules were issued in 1976 by the UNITRAL. The UNITRAL Rules are intended to be accepted in all legal systems and in all parts of the world.UNCITRALUNCITRAL只要当事人在合同约定“由本合同发生的或与本合同有关的任何争议、争端或请求，或有关本合同的违约、终止或失败，应按目前有效的联合国国际委员会仲裁规则予以解决。” null In addition to its 1976 Model Arbitration Rules, UNCITRAL has also promulgated a 1985 Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. a 1985 Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration：该示范法不是国际公约，仅建议各国采用，各国可根据自己的国情予以调整和修改。null The Arbitral Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce has willing to work with the UNITRAL Rules , as has the London Court of Arbitration. Parties who wish to refer any dispute to the London Court of Arbitration may use its model clauseThe Arbitral Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of CommerceThe Arbitral Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院：有自己的仲裁规则，不过，仲裁院可以根据当事人的合意采用《联合国国际贸易法委员会仲裁规则》的程序规定。 当事人可以自由选择仲裁员。 仲裁规则：当事人自由选择，选择与合同联系最密切的国家的法律。 仲裁裁决在仲裁庭组成之日起1年内作出。 ICSID : ICSID : The 1966 Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States provides for the establishment of an International Center for the Settlement of Investment Dispute, as a non-financial organ of the World Bank. ICSIDICSIDICSID is designed to serve as a forum for conciliation and for arbitration for disputes between private investors and host governments. rules：rules：Article 25: The jurisdiction of the Centre shall extend to any legal dispute arising directly out of an investment, between a Contracting State (or any constituent subdivision or agency of a Contracting State designated to the Centre by that State) and a national of another Contracting State, which the parties to the dispute consent in writing to submit to the Centre. When the parties have given their consent, no party may withdraw its consent unilaterally. null 公约管辖权成立的三个条件： 1、争议一方为缔约国，另一方为缔约他国的国民； 2、争议必须是直接因投资而产生的法律争议； 3、必须经双方 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 面同意提交ICSID仲裁解决null《公约》第42条： （1） The Tribunal shall decide a dispute in accordance with such rules of law as may be agreed by the parties. In the absence of such agreement, the Tribunal shall apply the law of the Contracting State party to the dispute (including its rules on the conflict of laws) and such rules of international law as may be applicable.null （2）The Tribunal may not bring in a finding of non liquet on the ground of silence or obscurity of the law. （2）仲裁庭不得借口法律无明文规定或含义不清而暂不作出裁决null(3) The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not prejudice the power of the Tribunal to decide a dispute  exaequo et bono if the parties so agree. null《公约》第54条第1款：每一缔约国应承认依照本公约作出的裁决具有约束力，并在其领土内履行该裁决所加的金钱上的义务，如同该裁决是该国法院的最后判决一样……。 强调每一缔约国都应承认和执行，缔约国即不能进行实质性或程序性的审查，也不得以任何理由（包括公共秩序保留）决绝承认和执行裁决。Topic5 Topic5 Enforcement of arbitral awards: the New York Convention the New York Conventionthe New York Convention1958年《承认与执行外国仲裁裁决的公约》 Today,成为有关承认和执行外国仲裁裁决的一个最全面、最有影响的国际公约。 China,jioned in it at 1986，该公约于1987年4月22日起对我国生效。 null《纽约公约》第1条第1款 1. This Convention shall apply to the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards made in the territory of a State other than the State where the recognition and enforcement of such awards are sought, and arising out of differences between persons, whether physical or legal. It shall also apply to arbitral awards not considered as domestic awards in the State where their recognition and enforcement are sought. null由于自然人法人间的争执而引起的仲裁裁决，在一个国家的领土内做成，而在另一个国家请求承认和执行时，适用本公约。 《纽约公约》第三条：《纽约公约》第三条：Each Contracting State shall recognize arbitral awards as binding and enforce them in accordance with the rules of procedure of the territory where the award is relied upon, under the conditions laid down in the following articles. There shall not be imposed substantially more onerous conditions or higher fees or charges on the recognition or enforcement of arbitral awards to which this Convention applies than are imposed on the recognition or enforcement of domestic arbitral awards. 《纽约公约》第四条：《纽约公约》第四条： 1. To obtain the recognition and enforcement mentioned in the preceding article, the party applying for recognition and enforcement shall, at the time of the application, supply: (a) The duly authenticated original award or a duly certified copy thereof; (b) The original agreement referred to in article II or a duly certified copy thereof. null2. If the said award or agreement is not made in an official language of the country in which the award is relied upon, the party applying for recognition and enforcement of the award shall produce a translation of these documents into such language. The translation shall be certified by an official or sworn translator or by a diplomatic or consular agent. nullIn over 120 countries, the enforcement of arbitral awards is facilitated by the 1958 New York Convention. nullThe Convention commits the courts in each Contracting State to recognize and enforce arbitration clauses and separate arbitration agreements for the resolution of international commercial disputes.nullAlso, there are grounds that listed in the Convention for refusal to enforce. Eg: 1、《公约》第5条第1款第1项：如果仲裁 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 的双方当事人，依对其适用的法律为无行为能力，或者依据双方当事人选定适用的法律，或者没有选定的时候，依据裁决作出地国家的法律，该项仲裁协议是无效的。则被请求承认和执行裁决的法院，可根据反对裁决当事人的请求，拒绝承认和执行该项裁决。 null2、《公约》第5条第1款第2项：一方当事人未能接到选派仲裁员或仲裁审理的适当 通知 关于发布提成方案的通知关于xx通知关于成立公司筹建组的通知关于红头文件的使用公开通知关于计发全勤奖的通知 ，或者他为了任何其他理由不能提出其申诉或答辩者。Cace:一项由某国际商事仲裁机构作出的仲裁裁决，胜诉方申请在《纽约公约》成员国B国执行，但败诉方能证明作出裁决的国际商事仲裁机构没有按照仲裁规则规定的时间和方式通知当事人指定仲裁员或仲裁庭审理的日期，则B国可拒绝执行。null3、《公约》第5条规定：被请求承认和执行外国仲裁裁决的国家的法院，如果认为按照该国法律，争议事项不能以仲裁方式解决，可以主动予以拒绝承认和执行，而不需要当事人提出申请和证明。 “insurance contracts保险合同，Bankruptcy破产问题，Real Right物权；Trusts信托，Unfair Competition不正当竞争，Intellectual Property知识产权”null《纽约公约》第5条第2款第2项： The recognition or enforcement of the award would be contrary to the public policy of that country 被申请承认和执行地国法院认定承认和执行外国仲裁裁决有违反内国公共政策的，可拒绝承认和执行仲裁裁决。Topic6 Topic6 Mandatory rules and law Evasion of Law 法律规避Evasion of Law 法律规避Where the parties intentionally evade the mandatory or prohibitive provisions of law ,the law intended by the partier shall not apply. 当事人故意规避强制性或禁止性法律规定的，不得适用当事人企图适用的法律。 Jus cogens is mandatory; it is public law that private parties cannot avoid by contract. nullAs between toe contracting parties, many provisions of local law may be excluded (called “jus dispositivum”), but the applicability of certain legal rules may not be excluded (called “jus cogens”). nullAny arbitration rules chosen by parties to govern their dispute may not be honored if such rules contravene a “non-excludable” mandatory provision of the local law. nullThe “jus cogens” /”jus dispositivum” dichotomy is found in the law of many European countries. it is also found in the UCC and linked to the “mandatory law” of U.S. cases.