Student EPON Class I

nullnullArchitectures and Alternatives for Broadband Access Networks nullADSL-based Access NetworkDSL is asymmetric technology: 6.144 Mbps (downstream) 640 Kbps (upstream) Always-On broadband access PSTN is completely replaced by an IP network to offer integrated voice and data services. DSLAMs, installed in CO, could efficiently aggregate several hundreds of DSL connections: Statistical multiplexing DSL does not require the deployment of a new network: it runs on the existing PSTN infrastructure. Limited by the length of the linenullADSL-based Access NetworkADMAccess ServerM D FF D FATU-CATU-CATU-CCooper pairCooper pairFiber cableATU-CATU-CATU-CDSLAMDSLAMsCentral officeHomePNAEthernetCooper pairMetro ringnullCable-based Access NetworkAsymmetric technology: 30 Mbps (downstream) 1.3-5.1 Mbps (upstream) Always-On broadband access Cable TV network is upgraded to allow new services such as data over cable. Cable modems are installed at the customer premise; cable modem termination systems (CMTS) at the head-end. Data over cable relies on data channels shared by multiple users using statistical multiplexing. Requires power supplies to run deployed active elements, such as amplifiers and nodes. nullCable-based Access NetworkADMDistribution HubHomePNAEthernetMetro ringTx RcTx RcRF sourceCMTSCMTSDropTo TV Set Top BoxFiber backboneTapDropAmplifierOptical nodeRouter Distribution (coaxial cable)nullADSL- vs. Cable- based access networkHFC network provides relatively higher transmission bandwidth than DSL. Recent studies showed that HFC solution is relatively cheaper than DSL: due to the increased cost of DSLAMs. However, DSLAM port costs are subject to significant cost reductions. DSL coverage area is limited. nullADSL- vs. Cable- based access networkHFC architecture has a great degree of equipment sharing: Pros: Statistical multiplexing. Possibility to accommodate more users. Cons: Security issues. Cost of providing service will increase with traffic growth and new bandwidth intensive applications. Efficiency drops substantially during peak hours. HFC architecture deploys active elements in the distribution network (DN): i.e., requires power supplies throughout the DN. nullOLTONUONUONUONUFiber To The x in Access SystemsInternetTelephoneInteractive VideoOptical fiberPassive Optical splitterFTTHFTTBFTTCFTTCabService modesDSLOptical AccessOptical AccessnullBasic Architecture of PONEPON DownstreamEPON DownstreamEPON UpstreamEPON UpstreamB-PON architecturesB-PON architecturesDeploying FTTH is expensive and its deployment is very limited. FFTB is a cost effective solution, its deployment is vital. FFTC and FTTCab are architectures that provide broadband services to customers where fiber optics is not feasible to be deployed: Service is carried over a DSL access network that connects customers to CO (where the ONU resides) through DSL connections. Thus, B-PON either alone or in conjunction with DSL provides a basis for the implementation of a full service access network (FSAN). Principles of B-PONPrinciples of B-PONOne downstream/upstream channel. MAC arbitration mechanism is required to avoid collision between simultaneous transmissions in the upstream direction. Fixed-TDM is one possible solution. Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation is more suited for bursty traffic. Channel speed is 1Gbps. Data rate per ONU depends on the splitting ratio of the splitter (1:16, 64)20-25 kmOptical splitter/couplerOLTONU1.31m1.55mATM-PONATM-PONAPON systems are based upon ATM as the bearer protocol. Downstream transmission is a continuous ATM stream at a bit rate of 155.52 Mb/s or 622.08 Mb/s with dedicated Physical Layer OAM (PLOAM) cells inserted into the data stream . Upstream transmission is in the form of bursts of ATM cells, with a 3 byte physical overhead appended to each 53 byte cell in order to allow for burst transmission and reception. APON provides a very rich and exhaustive set of OAM features, including BER monitoring, alarms and defects, auto-discovery and automatic ranging, churning as a security mechanism for downstream traffic encryption etc. ATM-PONATM-PONATM Cell 1ATM Cell 27ATM Cell 28ATM Cell 54PLOAM 1PLOAM 2ATM Cell 1ATM Cell 2ATM Cell 3ATM Cell 53Upstream frame formatDownstream frame format3 bytes overhead per cell (guard time, preamble, delimiter)Tframe = 56 cells of 53 bytesTframe = 53 cells per framePLOAM: Physical Layer Operation And Maintenance.53 upstream grantsEthernet-PONEthernet-PONEthernet for subscriber access networks combines a minimal set of extensions to the IEEE 802.3 Media Access Control (MAC) and MAC Control sub-layers with a family of Physical (PHY) Layers. MPCP (Multi-Point Control Protocol) is defined as a function within the MAC control sub-layer. MPCP uses messages, state machines, and timers, to control access to a P2MP topology. Each ONU in the P2MP topology contains an instance of the MPCP protocol, which communicates with an instance of MPCP in the OLT. A P2P Emulation Sub-layer makes an underlying P2MP network appear as a collection of point to point links to the higher protocol layers (at and above the MAC Client). It achieves this by pre-pending a Logical Link Identification (LLID) to the beginning of each packet, replacing two octets of the preamble. EPON uses variable Ethernet variable frames for transmission. APON vs. EPONAPON vs. EPONAPON vs. EPON(B-PON + DSL) architecture (B-PON + DSL) architecture A new network architecture that allows more bandwidth, quick provisioning, guaranteed QoS in a cost effective manner is required. PON technology offers mechanism to enable sufficient network bandwidth for the delivery of new services and applications. PON is a distribution architecture that provides a unified broadband transport system of converged services from homes and buildings, through FTT-H,-B, or through FTT-C, -Cab by using xDSL transmission technology for residential areas.Typical Access Network Construction Typical Access Network Construction Central Office (Exchange) Feeder NetworkStreet CabinetDistribution NetworkOverhead FeedUnderground FeedCustomerOverview of DSL ArchitectureOverview of DSL ArchitectureDSL is a subscriber access network. CPE (Customer Premise Equipment) is connected by ADSL to a DSL Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) located in the CO of the network service provider. DSLAM aggregates traffic from different customers and sends it over high speed links towards the core of the network (possibly over B-PON) access systems.. DSL supports the delivery of converged data, video, and voice traffic.Overview of DSL ArchitectureOverview of DSL ArchitectureOverview of DSL ArchitectureOverview of DSL ArchitecturePSTNDSLAMBroadband NetworkTelephone switchCustomer PremisesCentral Office (CO)IADGWData TrafficVoice Traffic (Packetized)Both voice and data use the high frequency band (40 kHz-1MHz)ATM-based access networkATM-based access networkuseruseruserDSLAMuserADSLATMPONONUONUONUxDSLNTNTNTNTNTADMATM/xDSLSONETADMADMADMOLTPSTNLEATM switchATU-RVoIPATMISPISPInternetBASBAS: Broadband access Server LE: Local Exchange ATU-R: ATM InterfaceATM-based access networkATM-based access networkATM in the access complicated the management of the access network, especially when on resource reservation is required. VCs creation/termination requires a VB5.2 signaling protocol that is extremely complex. IP traffic is expected to be the dominant traffic, thus IP/ATM solution will add more overhead.B-PON + DSL ArchitectureB-PON + DSL ArchitectureCombined Signal (Data and analog POTS) SplitterDSL modemDSLAMCustomer PremisesCentral Office (CO)Data and packetized voiceD500 POTS CardPON accessMetro/backbonePSTNInternetOADMGWOLTONUCopper pairDSL and ONU can be co-located or geographically separatedHybrid xDSL-PON ArchitectureHybrid xDSL-PON ArchitectureA hybrid xDSL-PON architecture is an effective migration to a FSAN delivering converged data, video and voice. This architecture will provide high bandwidth access to customers without requiring to install a network that runs in parallel with the PSTN. DSLAMs are installed in COs to aggregate traffic from multiple high speed connections. Increased service coverage area. DSLAMs in turn could be co-located with ONUs or connected to ONUs.Evolution to IP-based Access NetworksEvolution to IP-based Access Networks Develop QoS functional model that includes functions and features required to support stringent SLA. Define how QoS mechanisms can be applied at various points in the network to achieve appropriate performance characteristics. Leverage IP QoS mechanisms (e.g. IP Diffserv) to deliver QoS. Integration of DSL signaling with MPCP signaling to achieve a cost effective signaling transparent to the protocol framing structure. B-PON + DSL Architecture (additional slide)B-PON + DSL Architecture (additional slide)SplittrDSL modemDSLAMD500 POTS CardE-PON accessOLTONUMetro ringCPEDSL broadband accessDSL broadband accessDSL broadband access