09第九章IP路由协议CICND10S09A

null第九章 IP 路由第九章 IP 路由本章目标本章目标通过本章的学习，您应该掌握以下 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 ： 区分静态、动态路由的不同 设置静态路由 识别距离矢量的路由协议：RIP 和 IGRP 设置Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 设置Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) 利用show 和 debug 命令查看 IP 路由信息什么是路由什么是路由要实现路由路由器必须知道: 目的地址 源地址 所有可能的路由路径 最佳路由路径 管理路由信息172.16.1.010.120.2.0什么是路由什么是路由Network ProtocolDestination NetworkConnected Learned 10.120.2.0 172.16.1.0 Exit InterfaceE0 S0可路由协议: IP 路由器必须知道未和其直接相连的目的地址172.16.1.010.120.2.0E0S0路由协议和可路由协议路由协议和可路由协议可路由协议( Routed Protocol) :利用网络层完成通信的协议，允许数据包从一个主机主机一寻址 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 转发到另一主机。例如；IP；IPX；AppleTalk 路由协议 （Routing Protocol): 本质是创建和维护路由表，可路由协议利用他实现路由功能 例如：RIP；IGRP；EIGRP；OSPF；BGP；IS-IS 等；路由协议在网络层工作路由协议在网络层工作静态路由和动态路由静态路由和动态路由静态路由 由网络管理员在路由器上手工添加路由信息以实现路由目的动态路由 根据网络结构或流量的变化，路由协议会自动调整路由信息以实现路由静态路由静态路由172.16.2.1SO172.16.1.0B172.16.2.2NetworkA在小型网络中适宜设置静态路由。BStub Network静态路由的配置静态路由的配置指定一条可以到达目标网络的路径Router(config)#ip route network [mask] {address | interface}[distance] [permanent] 静态路由的例子静态路由的例子Stub Networkip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1 172.16.2.1SO172.16.1.0B172.16.2.2NetworkAB这是一条单方向的路径，必须配置一条相反的路径。缺省路由缺省路由Stub Networkip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.2.2 172.16.2.1SO172.16.1.0B172.16.2.2NetworkAB使用缺省路由后，Stub Network可以到达路由器A以外的网络。路由协议路由协议 路由协议 用于路由器选择路径和管理路由表。 一旦选择了一条路径后，路由器将路由可路由协议 。Network ProtocolDestination NetworkConnected RIP IGRP 10.120.2.0 172.16.2.0 172.17.3.0Exit InterfaceE0 S0 S1可路由协议: IP 路由协议: RIP, IGRP172.17.3.0172.16.1.010.120.2.0E0S0自治系统：内部和外部的 路由协议自治系统：内部和外部的 路由协议自治系统 100自治系统 200IGPs: RIP, IGRP EGPs: BGP自治系统：使用相同的路由准则的网络的集合 IGP在一个自治系统内运行。 EGP连接不同的自治系统。路由的不可信度路由的不可信度IGRP Administrative Distance=100Router DRouter BRouter ARouter CRIP Administrative Distance=120EI need to send a packet to Network E. Both router B and C will get it there. Which route is best?常用度量和metric值常用度量和metric值Hop ; bandwidth ;delay ; load ; reliability ; ticks ; cost 度量值（Metric） ：路协议算法由度量得出度量值。根据度量值判定路由最优路径，来创建和维护路由表。收敛时间收敛时间收敛时间 （convergence time):从网络拓扑发生变化到网络中所有路由器都知道这个表化的时间就叫 收敛时间 路由协议的分类路由协议的分类距离矢量混合路由链路状态CBADCDBA距离矢量的路由协议距离矢量的路由协议定期将路由表复制给相邻的路由器并且进行矢量堆加CDBACBADRouting TableRouting TableRouting TableRouting TableDistance—How far Vector—In which direction距离矢量—源信息的获得距离矢量—源信息的获得路由器从收集到的源信息中选择到达目标地址的最佳路径ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0Routing Table10.2.0.010.3.0.0 00Routing Table10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0E00Routing Table10.1.0.010.2.0.0 00距离矢量—源信息的获得距离矢量—源信息的获得路由器从收集到的源信息中选择到达目标地址的最佳路径ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0Routing Table10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.0Routing Table10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.010.1.0.00011Routing Table10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0E0010.2.0.0 1100距离矢量—源信息的获得距离矢量—源信息的获得路由器从收集到的源信息中选择到达目标地址的最佳路径ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0Routing Table10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0Routing Table10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.010.1.0.00011Routing Table10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0E0010.2.0.0S010.1.0.0121200距离矢量—选择最佳路径距离矢量—选择最佳路径 用于确定最佳路由路径的参数信息56T156T1Ticks, hop countBAHop countIPXRIPIGRPBandwidth Delay Load Reliability MTU距离矢量—管理路由信息距离矢量—管理路由信息路由表的更新过程将通过路由器之间一步一步来完成A更新路由表距离矢量—管理路由信息距离矢量—管理路由信息路由表的更新过程将通过路由器之间一步一步来完成A更新路由表距离矢量—管理路由信息距离矢量—管理路由信息路由表的更新过程将通过路由器之间一步一步来完成AB更新路由表更新路由表路 由 回 环路 由 回 环每一个节点管理着与之相连的所有网络ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0Routing Table10.3.0.0S0E0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.000Routing Table10.1.0.0E0S0S0S01210.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000Routing Table10.2.0.0S0S1S1S01110.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000路 由 回 环路 由 回 环缓慢的收敛容易造成路由信息的不一致ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRouting Table10.3.0.0S0E0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.00DownRouting Table10.1.0.0E0S0S0S01210.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000Routing Table10.2.0.0S0S1S1S01110.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000路 由 回 环路 由 回 环路由器C 推断到达10.4.0.0 网络的最好路径是通过路由器BABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0X路 由 回 环路 由 回 环路由器 A 根据错误的信息升级它的路由表ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRouting Table1202Routing Table1400Routing Table3100无 限 计 数无 限 计 数10.4.0.0 网络的数据将在路由器 A, B, 和 C 之间循环 10.4.0.0 网络的跳数将无限大ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRouting Table10.3.0.01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.004Routing Table1600Routing Table5100解决方法：定义最大跳数解决方法：定义最大跳数指定最大跳数来防止路由回环ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0X解决方法：水平分割解决方法：水平分割不会接收到由自身传达出去的路由信息ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XXX解决方法：路由毒杀解决方法：路由毒杀路由器将该路由信息的跳数标记为无限大ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0X解决方法：反转毒杀解决方法：反转毒杀反转毒杀可以超越水平分割ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XPoison Reverse解决方法：Hold-Down 计时解决方法：Hold-Down 计时路由器在Hold-Down时间内将该条记录标记为possibly down以使其它路由器能够重新计算网络结构的变化Network 10.4.0.0 is down then back up then back downUpdate after hold-down TimeNetwork 10.4.0.0 is unreachableABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XUpdate after hold-down Time解决方法：触发更新解决方法：触发更新当路由表发生变化时路由器立即发送更新信息ABC10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XNetwork 10.4.0.0 is unreachableNetwork 10.4.0.0 is unreachableNetwork 10.4.0.0 is unreachable10.1.0.0环路解决方法组合应用环路解决方法组合应用一个完整的方案一个完整的方案XC10.4.0.0一个完整的方案一个完整的方案CX10.4.0.0HolddownHolddownHolddown一个完整的方案一个完整的方案CX10.4.0.0HolddownHolddownHolddownPoison ReversePoison ReversePoison ReversePoison Reverse一个完整的方案一个完整的方案CX10.4.0.0HolddownHolddownHolddownPacket for Network 10.4.0.0Packet for Network 10.4.0.0一个完整的方案一个完整的方案CLink up!10.4.0.0一个完整的方案一个完整的方案CLink up!10.4.0.0链路状态协议原理链路状态协议原理1：路由器找到自己邻居 2：每个路由器想邻居发送LSA link state advertisement 数据包，包含了自己的路径成本 3：LSA扩散，每个路由器都得到相同拓扑结构的数据库 4：由SPF算法计算网络可达性，建立SPF树，以自己为树根 5：创建路由表，列出最优路径列表；维护其他拓扑结构和状态细节数据库。链路状态协议链路状态协议传递最佳的路径信息给其它的路由器LSA（link state advertisement)数据包 链路状态公告SPF 运算拓补结构数据最佳路由信息路由表链路状态协议特点链路状态协议特点混 合 路 由混 合 路 由距离矢量和环状路由的综合应用选择基于距离矢量的路径 Converge rapidly using 通过传递变化的更新信息 达到快速收敛平衡的路由IP路由的配置任务IP路由的配置任务路由器配置 选择路由协议 指定网络或端口Network 160.89.0.0Network 172.30.0.0IGRP, RIPNetwork 172.16.0.0RIPRIPIGRP动态路由配置动态路由配置指定IP路由协议Router(config)#router protocol [keyword] 指定与路由器直接相连的网络Router(config-router)#network network-numberRIP 概 述RIP 概 述Hop 计算 路由器每隔30秒更新 最多支持相同hop数的6条路径19.2 kbpsT1T1T1RIP 配 置RIP 配 置激活RIP协议Router(config)#router ripRouter(config-router)#network network-number选择所能到达的网络 必须是有效的网络RIP 配置举例RIP 配置举例2.3.0.02.3.0.0172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0 E0查看RIP信息查看RIP信息RouterA#sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "rip" Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 0 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is Redistributing: rip Default version control: send version 1, receive any version Interface Send Recv Key-chain Ethernet0 1 1 2 Serial2 1 1 2 Routing for Networks: 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 10.1.1.2 120 00:00:10 Distance: (default is 120) 172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0 E0查看路由表查看路由表RouterA#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR T - traffic engineered route Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets R 10.2.2.0 [120/1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2 C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2 R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0 E0debug ip rip 命令debug ip rip 命令RouterA#debug ip rip RIP protocol debugging is on RouterA# 00:06:24: RIP: received v1 update from 10.1.1.2 on Serial2 00:06:24: 10.2.2.0 in 1 hops 00:06:24: 192.168.1.0 in 2 hops 00:06:33: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet0 (172.16.1.1) 00:06:34: network 10.0.0.0, metric 1 00:06:34: network 192.168.1.0, metric 3 00:06:34: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.1) 00:06:34: network 172.16.0.0, metric 1 172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0 E0IGRP 介 绍IGRP 介 绍使用IGRP的网络较大 缺省100hops，最大255hops 支持多路径IGRPIGRP 路径选择IGRP 路径选择带宽 延迟时间 可靠性 负载 最大传输单元19.2 kbps19.2 kbpsSourceDestinationIGRP 的不平衡路径IGRP 的不平衡路径最多六条路径 下一次所要到达的路由器必须接近目的网络 在允许的参数内选择路径New RouteInitial RouteSourceDestination配 置 IGRP配 置 IGRPRouter(config-router)#network network-number指定可以到达的网络Router(config)#router igrp autonomous-system指定IGRP为IP路由协议配置 IGRP (续)配置 IGRP (续)Router(config-router)#traffic-share { balanced | min }控制负载平衡数据的分布Router(config-router)#variance multiplier控制IGRP的负载平衡IGRP 配置举例IGRP 配置举例router igrp 100 network 172.16.0.0 network 10.0.0.0router igrp 100 network 10.0.0.0router igrp 100 network 192.168.1.0 network 10.0.0.0Autonomous System = 100172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0 E0查看 IGRP 信息查看 IGRP 信息RouterA#sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "igrp 100" Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 21 seconds Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is Default networks flagged in outgoing updates Default networks accepted from incoming updates IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 IGRP maximum hopcount 100 IGRP maximum metric variance 1 Redistributing: igrp 100 Routing for Networks: 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 10.1.1.2 100 00:01:01 Distance: (default is 100) 172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0 E0查看IP路由表查看IP路由表RouterA#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR T - traffic engineered route Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets I 10.2.2.0 [100/90956] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial2 C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2 I 192.168.1.0/24 [100/91056] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial2 172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0 E0debug ip igrp transaction 命令debug ip igrp transaction 命令RouterA#debug ip igrp transactions IGRP protocol debugging is on RouterA# 00:21:06: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet0 (172.16.1.1) 00:21:06: network 10.0.0.0, metric=88956 00:21:06: network 192.168.1.0, metric=91056 00:21:07: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.1) 00:21:07: network 172.16.0.0, metric=1100 00:21:16: IGRP: received update from 10.1.1.2 on Serial2 00:21:16: subnet 10.2.2.0, metric 90956 (neighbor 88956) 00:21:16: network 192.168.1.0, metric 91056 (neighbor 89056) 172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0 E0debug ip igrp events 命令debug ip igrp events 命令RouterA#debug ip igrp events IGRP event debugging is on RouterA# 00:23:44: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet0 (172.16.1.1) 00:23:44: IGRP: Update contains 0 interior, 2 system, and 0 exterior routes. 00:23:44: IGRP: Total routes in update: 2 00:23:44: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.1) 00:23:45: IGRP: Update contains 0 interior, 1 system, and 0 exterior routes. 00:23:45: IGRP: Total routes in update: 1 00:23:48: IGRP: received update from 10.1.1.2 on Serial2 00:23:48: IGRP: Update contains 1 interior, 1 system, and 0 exterior routes. 00:23:48: IGRP: Total routes in update: 2172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0 E0路由信息更新举例路由信息更新举例RouterA# debug ip igrp trans 00:31:15: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0, changed state to down 00:31:15: IGRP: edition is now 3 00:31:15: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.1) 00:31:15: network 172.16.0.0, metric=4294967295 00:31:16: IGRP: Update contains 0 interior, 1 system, and 0 exterior routes. 00:31:16: IGRP: Total routes in update: 1 00:31:16: IGRP: broadcasting request on Serial2 00:31:16: IGRP: received update from 10.1.1.2 on Serial2 00:31:16: subnet 10.2.2.0, metric 90956 (neighbor 88956) 00:31:16: network 172.16.0.0, metric 4294967295 (inaccessible) 00:31:16: network 192.168.1.0, metric 91056 (neighbor 89056) 00:31:16: IGRP: Update contains 1 interior, 2 system, and 0 exterior routes. 00:31:16: IGRP: Total routes in update: 3172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0 E0X路由信息更新举例路由信息更新举例RouterB#debug ip igrp trans IGRP protocol debugging is on RouterB# 1d19h: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.2) 1d19h: subnet 10.2.2.0, metric=88956 1d19h: network 192.168.1.0, metric=89056 1d19h: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial3 (10.2.2.2) 1d19h: subnet 10.1.1.0, metric=88956 1d19h: network 172.16.0.0, metric=89056 1d19h: IGRP: received update from 10.1.1.1 on Serial2 1d19h: network 172.16.0.0, metric 4294967295 (inaccessible) 1d19h: IGRP: edition is now 10 1d19h: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.2) 1d19h: subnet 10.2.2.0, metric=88956 1d19h: network 172.16.0.0, metric=4294967295 1d19h: network 192.168.1.0, metric=89056 1d19h: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial3 (10.2.2.2) 1d19h: subnet 10.1.1.0, metric=88956 1d19h: network 172.16.0.0, metric=4294967295172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0 E0路由信息更新举例路由信息更新举例RouterB#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR T - traffic engineered route Gateway of last resort is not set I 172.16.0.0/16 is possibly down, routing via 10.1.1.1, Serial2 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2 C 10.2.2.0 is directly connected, Serial3 I 192.168.1.0/24 [100/89056] via 10.2.2.3, 00:00:14, Serial3 RouterB#ping 172.16.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: ..... Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) RouterB#172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0 E0X路由信息更新举例路由信息更新举例172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0 E0RouterB#debug ip igrp transactions RouterB# 1d20h: IGRP: received update from 10.1.1.1 on Serial2 1d20h: network 172.16.0.0, metric 89056 (neighbor 1100) RouterB# RouterB#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR T - traffic engineered route Gateway of last resort is not set I 172.16.0.0/16 is possibly down, routing via 10.1.1.1, Serial2 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2 C 10.2.2.0 is directly connected, Serial3 I 192.168.1.0/24 [100/89056] via 10.2.2.3, 00:00:18, Serial3 RouterB#ping 172.16.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/38/48 msip classless 命令ip classless 命令With ip classless Default With no ip classless DropRouter(config)#ip classlessS0Default route172.16.0.0E010.1.0.0Network ProtocolDestination NetworkC C RIP10.1.0.0 10.2.0.0 172.16.0.0 via 0.0.0.0 Exit InterfaceE0 S0 S0 E010.2.0.0To get to 10.7.1.1:可视化目标可视化目标 core_ server 10.1.1.1 wg_sw_a 10.2.2.11 wg_sw_l 10.13.13.11 wg_pc_a 10.2.2.12wg_pc_l 10.13.13.12wg_ro_a10.13.13.3 e0/1e0/2e0/2e0/1e0e0fa0/23core_sw_a 10.1.1.210.2.2.3wg_ro_lcore_ro 10.1.1.3fa0/24fa0/0s0 10.140.1.2/24 s0 10.140.12.2/24s1/0 - s2/310.140.1.1/24 … 10.140.12.1/24pod ro’s s0 ro’s e0 sw A 10.140.1.2 10.2.2.3 10.2.2.11 B 10.140.2.2 10.3.3.3 10.3.3.11 C 10.140.3.2 10.4.4.3 10.4.4.11 D 10.140.4.2 10.5.5.3 10.5.5.11 E 10.140.5.2 10.6.6.3 10.6.6.11 F 10.140.6.2 10.7.7.3 10.7.7.11 G 10.140.7.2 10.8.8.3 10.8.8.11 H 10.140.8.2 10.9.9.3 10.9.9.11 I 10.140.9.2 10.10.10.3 10.3.3.11 J 10.140.10.2 10.11.11.3 10.11.11.11 K 10.140.11.2 10.12.12.3 10.12.12.11 L 10.140.12.2 10.13.13.3 10.13.13.11RIPRIP...LL可视化目标可视化目标 core_ server 10.1.1.1 wg_sw_a 10.2.2.11 wg_sw_l 10.13.13.11 wg_pc_a 10.2.2.12wg_pc_l 10.13.13.12wg_ro_a10.13.13.3 e0/1e0/2e0/2e0/1e0e0fa0/23core_sw_a 10.1.1.210.2.2.3wg_ro_lcore_ro 10.1.1.3fa0/24fa0/0LLs0 10.140.1.2/24 s0 10.140.12.2/24s1/0 - s2/310.140.1.1/24 … 10.140.12.1/24...pod ro’s s0 ro’s e0 sw A 10.140.1.2 10.2.2.3 10.2.2.11 B 10.140.2.2 10.3.3.3 10.3.3.11 C 10.140.3.2 10.4.4.3 10.4.4.11 D 10.140.4.2 10.5.5.3 10.5.5.11 E 10.140.5.2 10.6.6.3 10.6.6.11 F 10.140.6.2 10.7.7.3 10.7.7.11 G 10.140.7.2 10.8.8.3 10.8.8.11 H 10.140.8.2 10.9.9.3 10.9.9.11 I 10.140.9.2 10.10.10.3 10.3.3.11 J 10.140.10.2 10.11.11.3 10.11.11.11 K 10.140.11.2 10.12.12.3 10.12.12.11 L 10.140.12.2 10.13.13.3 10.13.13.11IGRPIGRP本章总结本章总结完成本章的学习后，你应该能够掌握： 何时使用静态路由、何时使用动态路由 在Cisco路由器上设置静态路由 描述距离矢量的路由协议的工作原理 在Cisco路由器上设置RIP 和IGRP路由协议 利用show ip route、show ip protocols 和其他的调试命查看路由信息 问题回顾问题回顾1. 静态路由与动态路由比较，有什么优、缺点？ 2. IGRP协议比RIP协议有什么优点？ 3. 要实现一个大型网络的IP路由，应该使用什么路由协议？