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Eurocode 3 Part 1,4 - EN 1993-1-4-2006 Supplementary rules for stainless steels

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Eurocode 3 Part 1,4 - EN 1993-1-4-2006 Supplementary rules for stainless steels BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1993-1-4:2006 Eurocode 3 — Design of steel structures — Part 1-4: General rules — Supplementary rules for stainless steels The European Standard EN 1993-1-4:2006 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.040.01; 91.080.10 ����...

Eurocode 3 Part 1,4 - EN 1993-1-4-2006 Supplementary rules for stainless steels
BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1993-1-4:2006 Eurocode 3 — Design of steel structures — Part 1-4: General rules — Supplementary rules for stainless steels The European Standard EN 1993-1-4:2006 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.040.01; 91.080.10 ��������� � ���� ���������������������������������������������� ����� Li ce ns ed C op y: x x , U ni ve rs ity o f G la m or ga n, M on A pr 2 3 15 :2 8: 35 G M T+ 00 :0 0 20 07 , U nc on tro lle d Co py , (c ) B SI BS EN 1993-1-4:2006 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2006 © BSI 2006 ISBN 0 580 49666 X National foreword This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 1993-1-4:2006. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/31, Structural use of steel. A list of organizations represented on B/525/31 can be obtained on request to its secretary. The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping Eurocodes for each of the main materials: concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium; this is to enable a common date of withdrawal (DOW) for all the relevant parts that are needed for a particular design. The conflicting national standards will be withdrawn at the end of the coexistence period, after all the EN Eurocodes of a package are available. Following publication of the EN, there is a period allowed for national calibration during which the National Annex is issued, followed by a coexistence period of a maximum three years. During the coexistence period Member States are encouraged to adapt their national provisions. Conflicting national standards will be withdrawn by March 2010 at the latest. Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text, and a note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN. To enable EN 1993-1-4 to be used in the UK, the NDPs will be published in a National Annex, which will be made available by BSI in due course after public consultation has taken place. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Li ce ns ed C op y: x x , U ni ve rs ity o f G la m or ga n, M on A pr 2 3 15 :2 8: 35 G M T+ 00 :0 0 20 07 , U nc on tro lle d Co py , (c ) B SI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 1993-1-4 October 2006 ICS 91.040.01; 91.080.10 Supersedes ENV 1993-1-4:1996 English Version Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-4: General rules - Supplementary rules for stainless steels Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 1-4: Règles générales - Règles supplémentaires pour les aciers inoxydables Eurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten - Teil 1-4: Allgemeine Bemessungsregeln - Ergänzende Regeln zur Anwendung von nichtrostender Stählen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 January 2006. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A LI S A T I O N EUR OP ÄIS C HES KOM ITEE FÜR NOR M UNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels © 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1993-1-4:2006: E Li ce ns ed C op y: x x , U ni ve rs ity o f G la m or ga n, M on A pr 2 3 15 :2 8: 35 G M T+ 00 :0 0 20 07 , U nc on tro lle d Co py , (c ) B SI EN 1993-1-4: 2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 General 4 1.1 Scope 4 1.2 Normative references 4 1.3 Assumptions 5 1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules 5 1.5 Definitions 5 1.6 Symbols 5 2 Materials 6 2.1 Structural stainless steels 6 2.2 Bolts 8 2.3 Welding consumables 9 3 Durability 9 4 Serviceability limit states 10 4.1 General 10 4.2 Determination of deflections 10 5 Ultimate limit states 12 5.1 General 12 5.2 Classification of cross-sections 12 5.3 Resistance of cross-sections 17 5.4 Buckling resistance of members 18 5.5 Uniform members in bending and axial compression 20 5.6 Shear resistance 21 5.7 Transverse web stiffeners 21 6 Connection design 22 6.1 General 22 6.2 Bolted connections 22 6.3 Design of welds 23 7 Design assisted by testing 23 8 Fatigue 23 9 Fire resistance 23 Annex A [informative] Durability 24 A.1 Introduction 24 A.2 Types of corrosion 25 A.3 Levels of risk 27 A.4 Selection of materials 27 A.5 Design for corrosion control 30 A.6 Connections 31 Annex B [informative] Stainless steel in the work hardened condition 34 B.1 General 34 B.2 Work hardening from cold rolling 34 B.3 Work hardening from fabrication 34 Annex C [informative] Modelling of material behaviour 35 C.1 General 35 C.2 Material properties 35 Li ce ns ed C op y: x x , U ni ve rs ity o f G la m or ga n, M on A pr 2 3 15 :2 8: 35 G M T+ 00 :0 0 20 07 , U nc on tro lle d Co py , (c ) B SI EN 1993-1-4: 2006 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard EN 1993-1-4, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures: Part 1-4 General Rules – Supplementary rules for stainless steels, has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 « Structural Eurocodes », the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes. This European Standard shall be given the status of a National Standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2007 and conflicting National Standards shall be withdrawn at latest by March 2010. This Eurocode supersedes ENV 1993-1-4. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the National Standard Organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. National Annex for EN 1993-1-4 This standard gives alternative procedures, values and recommendations with notes indicating where national choices may have to be made. The National Standard implementing EN 1993-1-4 should have a National Annex containing all Nationally Determined Parameters to be used for the design of steel structures to be constructed in the relevant country. National choice is allowed in EN 1993-1-4 through clauses: – 2.1.4(2) – 2.1.5(1) – 5.1(2) – 5.5(1) – 5.6(2) – 6.1(2) – 6.2(3) Li ce ns ed C op y: x x , U ni ve rs ity o f G la m or ga n, M on A pr 2 3 15 :2 8: 35 G M T+ 00 :0 0 20 07 , U nc on tro lle d Co py , (c ) B SI EN 1993-1-4: 2006 (E) 4 1 General 1.1 Scope (1) This Part 1.4 of EN 1993 gives supplementary provisions for the design of buildings and civil engineering works that extend and modify the application of EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993-1-3, EN 1993-1-5 and EN 1993-1-8 to austenitic, austenitic-ferritic and ferritic stainless steels. NOTE 1: Information on the durability of stainless steels is given in Annex A. NOTE 2: The execution of stainless steel structures is covered in EN 1090. NOTE 3: Guidelines for further treatment, including heat treatment, are given in EN 10088. 1.2 Normative references This following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference to this text, constitute provisions of this European Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this European Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. EN 1990 Eurocode 0: Basis of structural design EN 508-3 Roofing products from metal sheet. Specification for self-supporting products of steel, aluminium or stainless steel sheet. Stainless steel; EN 1090-2 Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures – Part 2: Technical requirements for steel structures; EN 1993-1-1 Design of steel structures: General rules and rules for buildings; EN 1993-1-2 Design of steel structures: Structural fire design; EN 1993-1-3 Design of steel structures: Cold formed thin gauge members and sheeting; EN 1993-1-5 Design of steel structures: Plated structural elements; EN 1993-1-6 Design of steel structures: Strength and stability of shell structures; EN 1993-1-8 Design of steel structures: Design of joints; EN 1993-1-9 Design of steel structures: Fatigue; EN 1993-1-10 Design of steel structures: Material toughness and through-thickness properties; EN 1993-1-11 Design of steel structures: Design of structures with tension components made of steel; EN 1993-1-12 Design of steel structures: Additional rules for the extension of EN 1993 up to steel grades S 700; EN ISO 3506-1 Mechanical properties of corrosion resistant stainless steel fasteners – Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs; EN ISO 3506-2 Mechanical properties of corrosion resistant stainless steel fasteners – Part 2: Nuts EN ISO 3506-3 Mechanical properties of corrosion resistant stainless steel fasteners – Part 3: Set screws and similar fasteners under tensile tests; EN ISO 7089 Plain washers - Normal series - Product grade A; EN ISO 7090 Plain washers, chamfered - Normal series - Product grade A; EN ISO 9445 Continuously cold-rolled stainless steel narrow strip, wide strip, plate/sheet and cut lengths - Tolerances on dimensions and form EN 10029 Specification for tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass for hot rolled steel plates 3 mm thick or above; Li ce ns ed C op y: x x , U ni ve rs ity o f G la m or ga n, M on A pr 2 3 15 :2 8: 35 G M T+ 00 :0 0 20 07 , U nc on tro lle d Co py , (c ) B SI EN 1993-1-4: 2006 (E) 5 EN 10052 Vocabulary of heat treatment terms for ferrous products; EN 10088-1 Stainless steels – Part 1: List of stainless steels; EN 10088-2 Stainless steels – Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip for general purposes; EN 10088-3 Stainless steels - Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, bars, rods and sections for general purposes; EN 10162 Cold rolled steel sections. Technical delivery conditions. Dimensional and cross-sectional tolerances; EN 10219-2 Cold formed welded structural sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels. Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties; 1.3 Assumptions (1) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990 the following assumptions apply: - fabrication and erection complies with EN 1090-2. 1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules (1) The rules in EN 1990 clause 1.4 apply. 1.5 Definitions (1) The rules in EN 1990 clause 1.5 apply. (2) Unless otherwise stated, the vocabulary of treatment terms for ferrous products used in EN 10052 applies. 1.6 Symbols In addition to those given in EN 1990, EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993-1-3, EN 1993-1-5 and 1993-1-8, the following symbols are used: fu,red reduced value of bearing strength Es,ser secant modulus of elasticity used for serviceability limit state calculations Es,1 secant modulus corresponding to the stress in the tension flange Es,2 secant modulus corresponding to the stress in the compression flange σ1,Ed,ser serviceability design stress n coefficient Li ce ns ed C op y: x x , U ni ve rs ity o f G la m or ga n, M on A pr 2 3 15 :2 8: 35 G M T+ 00 :0 0 20 07 , U nc on tro lle d Co py , (c ) B SI EN 1993-1-4: 2006 (E) 6 2 Materials 2.1 Structural stainless steels 2.1.1 General (1) The provisions given in this Part 1.4 should be applied only to design using austenitic, austenitic-ferritic and ferritic stainless steels. (2) The nominal values of the material properties given in 2.1.2 should be used as characteristic values in structural design calculations. (3) For further information about material properties reference should be made to EN 10088. (4) The design provisions specified in this Part 1.4 are applicable for material of nominal yield strength fy up to and including 480 N/mm2. NOTE: Rules for the use of work hardened material with fy > 480 N/mm2 are given in Informative Annex B. (5) The higher strength of other materials (see 2.1.2 and Annex B) may be taken into account in the design provided that doing so is justified by appropriate tests in accordance with Section 7. 2.1.2 Material properties for stainless steel (1) In design calculations the values should be taken as follows, independent of the direction of rolling: - yield strength fy: the nominal stress (0,2% proof stress) specified in Table 2.1; - ultimate tensile strength f u : the nominal ultimate tensile strength specified in Table 2.1. (2) The ductility requirements in EN 1993-1-1, clause 3.2.2 also apply to stainless steels. Steels conforming with one of the steel grades listed in Table 2.1 should be accepted as satisfying these requirements. (3) For structural hollow sections, the strength values given in Table 2.1 for the relevant product form of the base material (cold-rolled strip, hot rolled strip or hot rolled plate) should be used. (4) Higher strength values derived from cold working the base material may be used in design provided they are verified by tests on coupons taken from the structural hollow section in accordance with Section 7. (5) For cold worked material, the material tests given in the material certificate required according to EN 1090, should be in such a direction that the strength values used in design are independent of the direction of rolling or stretching. Li ce ns ed C op y: x x , U ni ve rs ity o f G la m or ga n, M on A pr 2 3 15 :2 8: 35 G M T+ 00 :0 0 20 07 , U nc on tro lle d Co py , (c ) B SI EN 1993-1-4: 2006 (E) 7 Table 2.1: Nominal values of the yield strength fy and the ultimate tensile strength fu for structural stainless steels to EN 10088 1) Product form Cold rolled strip Hot rolled strip Hot rolled plate Bars, rods and sections Nominal thickness t t ≤ 6 mm t ≤ 12 mm t ≤ 75 mm t ≤ 250 mm fy fu fy fu fy fu fy fu Type of stainless steel Grade N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 1.4003 280 450 280 450 2503) 4503) 2604) 4504) 1.4016 260 450 240 450 2403) 4303) 2404) 4004) Ferritic steels 1.4512 210 380 210 380 - - - - 1.4306 180 460 1.4307 175 450 1.4541 220 520 200 520 200 500 1.4301 230 540 210 520 210 520 190 500 1.4401 1.4404 200 500 1.4539 530 530 230 530 1.4571 240 540 220 540 220 520 1.4432 1.4435 240 550 220 550 220 520 200 500 1.4311 290 550 270 550 270 550 270 550 1.4406 300 280 280 1.4439 290 580 270 580 270 580 1.4529 300 650 300 650 300 650 280 580 1.4547 320 650 300 650 300 650 300 650 Austenitic steels 1.4318 350 650 330 650 330 630 - - 1.4362 420 600 400 600 400 630 400 2) 600 2) Austenitic -ferritic steels 1.4462 480 660 460 660 460 640 450 650 1) The nominal values of fy and fu given in this table may be used in design without taking special account of anisotropy or strain hardening effects. 2) t ≤ 160 mm 3) t ≤ 25 mm 4) t ≤ 100 mm 2.1.3 Design values of material coefficients (1) The following values of the material coefficients may be assumed for the global analysis and in determining the resistances of members and cross-sections: - Modulus of elasticity, E: E = 200 000 N/mm2 for the austenitic and austenitic-ferritic grades in Table 2.1 excluding grades 1.4539, 1.4529 and 1.4547 E = 195 000 N/mm2 for the austenitic grades 1.4539, 1.4529 and 1.4547 E = 220 000 N/mm2 for the ferritic grades in Table 2.1 - Shear modulus, G, where )1(2 ν+= EG - Poisson’s ratio in elastic stage, 3,0=ν Li ce ns ed C op y: x x , U ni ve rs ity o f G la m or ga n, M on A pr 2 3 15 :2 8: 35 G M T+ 00 :0 0 20 07 , U nc on tro lle d Co py , (c ) B SI EN 1993-1-4: 2006 (E) 8 Alternatively, stress-strain curves according to Annex C may be used for materials in the annealed condition to describe the material behaviour. (2) For calculating deflections in individual members, the secant modulus appropriate to the stress in the member at the serviceability limit state may be used, see 4.2(5). 2.1.4 Fracture toughness (1) The austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels covered in this Part 1.4 may be assumed to be adequately tough and not susceptible to brittle fracture for service temperatures down to -40°C. NOTE: Austenitic steels may also be used for temperatures below -40°C, but the requirements should be determined for each particular case. NOTE: See Annex A.5.3 concerning embrittlement due to contact with zinc in fire. (2) For ferritic stainless steels, the rules in EN 1993-1-10 give guidance. Required testing temperature and required CVN-values may be determined from Table 2.1 of EN 1993-1-10. NOTE 1: Ferritic steels are not classified into sub-grades. NOTE 2: The National Annex may provide further information on fracture toughness of ferritic stainless steels. 2.1.5 Through-thickness properties (1) Guidance on the choice of through-thickness properties is given in EN 1993-1-10. NOTE: The National Annex may provide further information on the choice of through thickness properties. 2.1.6 Tolerances (1) The dimensional and mass tolerances of rolled steel sections, structural hollow sections and plates should conform with the relevant product standard unless more severe tolerances are specified. NOTE: For information about tolerances for thickness of cold rolled stainless steel, reference should be made to EN ISO 9445: 2006. For plates see EN 10029 (2) For welded components the tolerances given in EN 1090-2 should be applied. (3) For struc
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