nRF24L01_

PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Nordic Semiconductor ASA - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 Revision: 1.1 Page 1 of 38 November 2005 Single chip 2.4 GHz Transceiver FEATURES APPLICATIONS • True single chip GFSK transceiver • Wireless mouse, keyboard, joystick • Complete OSI Link Layer in hardware • Keyless entry • Enhanced ShockBurst™ • Wireless data communication • Auto ACK & retransmit • Alarm and security systems • Address and CRC computation • Home automation • On the air data rate 1 or 2Mbps • Surveillance • Digital interface (SPI) speed 0-10 Mbps • Automotive • 125 RF channel operation • Telemetry • Short switching time enable frequency hopping • Intelligent sports equipment • Fully RF compatible with nRF24XX • Industrial sensors • 5V tolerant signal input pads • Toys • 20-pin package (QFN20 4x4mm) • Uses ultra low cost +/- 60 ppm crystal • Uses low cost chip inductors and 2-layer PCB • Power supply range: 1.9 to 3.6 V GENERAL DESCRIPTION nRF24L01 is a single chip radio transceiver for the world wide 2.4 - 2.5 GHz ISM band. The transceiver consists of a fully integrated frequency synthesizer, a power amplifier, a crystal oscillator, a demodulator, modulator and Enhanced ShockBurst™ protocol engine. Output power, frequency channels, and protocol setup are easily programmable through a SPI interface. Current consumption is very low, only 9.0mA at an output power of -6dBm and 12.3mA in RX mode. Built-in Power Down and Standby modes makes power saving easily realizable. QUICK REFERENCE DATA Parameter Value Unit Minimum supply voltage 1.9 V Maximum output power 0 dBm Maximum data rate 2000 kbps Supply current in TX mode @ 0dBm output power 11.3 mA Supply current in RX mode @ 2000 kbps 12.3 mA Temperature range -40 to +85 °C Sensitivity @ 1000 kbps -85 dBm Supply current in Power Down mode 900 nA Table 1 nRF24L01 quick reference data nRF24L01 PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24L01 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver Nordic Semiconductor ASA - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 Revision: 1.1 Page 2 of 38 November 2005 Type Number Description Version nRF24L01 20 pin QFN 4x4, lead free (green) A nRF24L01 IC Bare Dice A nRF24L01-EVKIT Evaluation kit (2 test PCB, 2 configuration PCB, SW) 1.0 Table 2 nRF24L01 ordering information BLOCK DIAGRAM D VD D VD D VD D XC1 XC2 100+j175 Ω IREF VDD_PA=1.8V ANT1 ANT2 22kΩ VS S= 0V VD D VS S= 0V VS S= 0V Frequency Synthesiser PA LNA IF BP FDEMOD Clock Recovery, DataSlicer ADDR Decode FIFO In/Out CRC Code/Decode Enhanced ShockBurstTM GFSK Filter CSN MOSI SCK VSS=0V CE IRQ MISO Figure 1 nRF24L01 with external components. PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24L01 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver Nordic Semiconductor ASA - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 Revision: 1.1 Page 3 of 38 November 2005 PIN FUNCTIONS Pin Name Pin function Description 1 CE Digital Input Chip Enable Activates RX or TX mode 2 CSN Digital Input SPI Chip Select 3 SCK Digital Input SPI Clock 4 MOSI Digital Input SPI Slave Data Input 5 MISO Digital Output SPI Slave Data Output, with tri-state option 6 IRQ Digital Output Maskable interrupt pin 7 VDD Power Power Supply (+3V DC) 8 VSS Power Ground (0V) 9 XC2 Analog Output Crystal Pin 2 10 XC1 Analog Input Crystal Pin 1 11 VDD_PA Power Output Power Supply (+1.8V) to Power Amplifier 12 ANT1 RF Antenna interface 1 13 ANT2 RF Antenna interface 2 14 VSS Power Ground (0V) 15 VDD Power Power Supply (+3V DC) 16 IREF Analog Input Reference current 17 VSS Power Ground (0V) 18 VDD Power Power Supply (+3V DC) 19 DVDD Power Output Positive Digital Supply output for de-coupling purposes 20 VSS Power Ground (0V) Table 3 nRF24L01 pin function PIN ASSIGNMENT nRF24L01 QFN20 4x4 VDD VSS ANT2 VSS CE 1920 4 3 2 1 15 14 5 VDD_PA ANT112 11 13 CSN MISO MOSI VDD 18 IREFVSS 17 16 IRQ DVDD VSS 76 9 108 XC2 XC1VDD SCK Figure 2 nRF24L01 pin assignment (top view) for a QFN20 4x4 package. PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24L01 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver Nordic Semiconductor ASA - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 Revision: 1.1 Page 4 of 38 November 2005 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Conditions: VDD = +3V, VSS = 0V, TA = - 40ºC to + 85ºC Symbol Parameter (condition) Notes Min. Typ. Max. Units Operating conditions VDD Supply voltage 1.9 3.0 3.6 V TEMP Operating Temperature -40 +27 +85 ºC Digital input pin VIH HIGH level input voltage 1 0.7VDD 5.25 V VIL LOW level input voltage VSS 0.3VDD V Digital output pin VOH HIGH level output voltage (IOH=-0.5mA) VDD- 0.3 VDD V VOL LOW level output voltage (IOL=0.5mA) VSS 0.3 V General RF conditions fOP Operating frequency 2 2400 2525 MHz fXTAL Crystal frequency 16 MHz ∆f1M Frequency deviation @ 1000kbps ±160 kHz ∆f2M Frequency deviation @ 2000kbps ±320 kHz RGFSK Data rate ShockBurst™ >0 2000 kbps FCHANNEL Channel spacing @ 1000kbps 1 MHz FCHANNEL Channel spacing @ 2000kbps 2 MHz Transmitter operation PRF Maximum Output Power 3 0 +4 dBm PRFC RF Power Control Range 16 18 20 dB PRFCR RF Power Accuracy ±4 dB PBW 20dB Bandwidth for Modulated Carrier (2000kbps) 2000 kHz PRF1 1st Adjacent Channel Transmit Power 2MHz -20 dBm PRF2 2nd Adjacent Channel Transmit Power 4MHz -50 dBm IVDD Supply current @ 0dBm output power 4 11.3 mA IVDD Supply current @ -18dBm output power 7.0 mA IVDD Average Supply current @ -6dBm output power, Enhanced ShockBurst™ 5 0.05 mA IVDD Supply current in Standby-I mode 32 µA IVDD Supply current in power down 900 nA 1 All digital inputs handle up to 5.25V signal inputs. Keep in mind that the VDD of the nRF24L01 must match the VIH of the driving device for output pins. 2 Usable band is determined by local regulations 3 Antenna load impedance = 100Ω+j175Ω 4 Antenna load impedance = 100Ω+j175Ω. Effective data rate 1000kbps or 2000 kbps 5 Antenna load impedance = 100Ω+j175Ω. Effective data rate 10kbps and full packets PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24L01 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver Nordic Semiconductor ASA - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 Revision: 1.1 Page 5 of 38 November 2005 Receiver operation IVDD Supply current one channel 2000kbps 12.3 mA IVDD Supply current one channel 1000kbps 11.8 mA RXSENS Sensitivity at 0.1%BER (@2000kbps) -82 dBm RXSENS Sensitivity at 0.1%BER (@1000kbps) -85 dBm C/ICO C/I Co-channel 6 57/128 dB C/I1ST 1st Adjacent Channel Selectivity C/I 2MHz 0/5 dB C/I2ND 2nd Adjacent Channel Selectivity C/I 4MHz -21/-19 dB C/I3RD 3rd Adjacent Channel Selectivity C/I 6MHz -27/-27 dB C/ICO C/I Co-channel 9 710/1411 dB C/I1ST 1st Adjacent Channel Selectivity C/I 1MHz 6/10 dB C/I2ND 2nd Adjacent Channel Selectivity C/I 2MHz -22/-20 dB C/I3RD 3rd Adjacent Channel Selectivity C/I 3MHz -30/-25 dB Table 4 nRF24L01 RF specifications 6 Data rate is 2000kbps for the following C/I measurements 7 According to ETSI EN 300 220-1 V1.3.1 (2000-09) page 36 8 nRF24L01 equal modulation on interfering signal 9 Data rate is 1000kbps for the following C/I measurements 10 According to ETSI EN 300 220-1 V1.3.1 (2000-09) page 36 11 nRF24L01 equal modulation on interfering signal PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24L01 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver Nordic Semiconductor ASA - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 Revision: 1.1 Page 6 of 38 November 2005 PACKAGE OUTLINE nRF24L01 uses the QFN20 4x4 package, with matt tin plating. PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24L01 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver Nordic Semiconductor ASA - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 Revision: 1.1 Page 7 of 38 November 2005 Package Type A A1 A3 K D/E e D2/E2 L L1 b Saw QFN20 (4x4 mm) Min Typ. Max 0.80 0.85 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.20 REF. 0.20 min 4.0 BSC12 0.5 BSC 2.50 2.60 2.70 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.15 max 0.18 0.25 0.30 Figure 3 nRF24L01 Package Outline. 12 BSC: Basic Spacing between Centers, ref. JEDEC standard 95, page 4.17-11/A PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24L01 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver Nordic Semiconductor ASA - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 Revision: 1.1 Page 8 of 38 November 2005 Package marking: Abbreviations: DDDDDD – Product number, e.g. 24L01 B – Build Code, i.e. unique code for production sites, package type and test platform X – "X" grade, i.e. Engineering Samples (optional) YY – 2 digit Year number WW – 2 digit Week number LL – 2 letter wafer lot number code Absolute Maximum Ratings Supply voltages VDD............................- 0.3V to + 3.6V VSS .................................................. 0V Input voltage VI.................................. - 0.3V to 5.25V Output voltage VO..................................... VSS to VDD Total Power Dissipation PD (TA=85°C) ............................. 60mW Temperatures Operating Temperature…. - 40°C to + 85°C Storage Temperature….… - 40°C to + 125°C Note: Stress exceeding one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. ATTENTION! Electrostatic Sensitive Device Observe Precaution for handling. n R F B X D D D D D D Y Y W W L L PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24L01 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver Nordic Semiconductor ASA - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 Revision: 1.1 Page 9 of 38 November 2005 Glossary of Terms Term Description ACK Acknowledgement ART Auto Re-Transmit CE Chip Enable CLK Clock CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CSN Chip Select NOT ESB Enhanced ShockBurst™ GFSK Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying IRQ Interrupt Request ISM Industrial-Scientific-Medical LNA Low Noise Amplifier LSB Least Significant Bit LSByte Least Significant Byte Mbps Megabit per second MCU Micro Controller Unit MISO Master In Slave Out MOSI Master Out Slave In MSB Most Significant Bit MSByte Most Significant Byte PCB Printed Circuit Board PER Packet Error Rate PID Packet Identity Bits PLD Payload PRX Primary RX PTX Primary TX PWR_DWN Power Down PWR_UP Power Up RX Receive RX_DR Receive Data Ready SPI Serial Peripheral Interface TX Transmit TX_DS Transmit Data Sent Table 5 Glossary PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24L01 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver Nordic Semiconductor ASA - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 Revision: 1.1 Page 10 of 38 November 2005 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Modes of operation The nRF24L01 can be set in the following main modes depending on the level of the following primary I/Os and configuration registers: Mode PWR_UP register PRIM_RX register CE FIFO state RX mode 1 1 1 - TX mode 1 0 1 Data in TX FIFO TX mode 1 0 1
0 Stays in TX mode until packet transmission is finished Standby-II 1 0 1 TX FIFO empty Standby-I 1 - 0 No ongoing packet transmission Power Down 0 - - - Table 6 nRF24L01 main modes An overview of the nRF24L01 I/O pins in different modes is given in Table 7. Pin functions in the different modes of nRF24L01 Pin Name Direction TX Mode RX Mode Standby Modes Power Down CE Input High Pulse >10µs High Low - CSN Input SPI Chip Select, active low SCK Input SPI Clock MOSI Input SPI Serial Input MISO Tri-state Output SPI Serial Output IRQ Output Interrupt, active low Table 7 Pin functions of the nRF24L01 Standby Modes Standby-I mode is used to minimize average current consumption while maintaining short start up times. In this mode, part of the crystal oscillator is active. In Standby-II mode some clock buffers are active. Standby-II occurs when CE is held high on a PTX device with empty TX FIFO. The configuration word content is maintained during Standby modes. SPI interface may be activated. For start up time see Table 13. Power Down Mode In power down nRF24L01 is disabled with minimal current consumption. When entering this mode the device is not active, but all registers values available from the SPI interface are maintained during power down and the SPI interface may be activated (CSN=0). For start up time see Table 13. The power down is controlled by the PWR_UP bit in the CONFIG register. PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24L01 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver Nordic Semiconductor ASA - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 Revision: 1.1 Page 11 of 38 November 2005 Packet Handling Methods nRF24L01 has the following Packet Handling Methods: • ShockBurst™ (compatible with nRF2401, nRF24E1, nRF2402 and nRF24E2 with 1Mbps data rate, see page 24) • Enhanced ShockBurst™ ShockBurst™ ShockBurst™ makes it possible to use the high data rate offered by nRF24L01 without the need of a costly, high-speed microcontroller (MCU) for data processing/clock recovery. By placing all high speed signal processing related to RF protocol on-chip, nRF24L01 offers the application microcontroller a simple SPI compatible interface, the data rate is decided by the interface-speed the micro controller itself sets up. By allowing the digital part of the application to run at low speed, while maximizing the data rate on the RF link, ShockBurst™ reduces the average current consumption in applications. In ShockBurst™ RX, IRQ notifies the MCU when a valid address and payload is received respectively. The MCU can then clock out the received payload from an nRF24L01 RX FIFO. In ShockBurst™ TX, nRF24L01 automatically generates preamble and CRC, see Table 12. IRQ notifies the MCU that the transmission is completed. All together, this means reduced memory demand in the MCU resulting in a low cost MCU, as well as reduced software development time. nRF24L01 has a three level deep RX FIFO (shared between 6 pipes) and a three level deep TX FIFO. The MCU can access the FIFOs at any time, in power down mode, in standby modes, and during RF packet transmission. This allows the slowest possible SPI interface compared to the average datarate, and may enable usage of an MCU without hardware SPI. Enhanced ShockBurst™ Enhanced ShockBurst™ is a packet handling method with functionality that makes bi- directional link protocol implementation easier and more efficient. In a typical bi- directional link, one will let the terminating part acknowledge received packets from the originating part in order to make it possible to detect data loss. Data loss can then be recovered by retransmission. The idea with Enhanced ShockBurst™ is to let nRF24L01 handle both acknowledgement of received packets and retransmissions of lost packets, without involvement from the microcontroller. PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24L01 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver Nordic Semiconductor ASA - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 Revision: 1.1 Page 12 of 38 November 2005 RX TX1 TX2 TX3 TX4 TX5 TX6 Data Pipe 1 D ata Pipe 2 D ata Pipe 3 Da ta Pi pe 4 Da ta Pip e 5 Data Pipe 0 Frequency Channel N Figure 4: nRF24L01 in a star network configuration An nRF24L01 configured as primary RX (PRX) will be able to receive data trough 6 different data pipes, see Figure 4. A data pipe will have a unique address but share the same frequency channel. This means that up to 6 different nRF24L01 configured as primary TX (PTX) can communicate with one nRF24L01 configured as PRX, and the nRF24L01 configured as PRX will be able to distinguish between them. Data pipe 0 has a unique 40 bit configurable address. Each of data pipe 1-5 has an 8 bit unique address and shares the 32 most significant address bits. All data pipes can perform full Enhanced ShockBurst™ functionality. nRF24L01 will use the data pipe address when acknowledging a received packet. This means that nRF24L01 will transmit ACK with the same address as it receives payload at. In the PTX device data pipe 0 is used to received the acknowledge, and therefore the receive address for data pipe 0 has to be equal to the transmit address to be able to receive the acknowledge. See Figure 5 for addressing example. PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24L01 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver Nordic Semiconductor ASA - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 Revision: 1.1 Page 13 of 38 November 2005 D ata P ipe 2 D at a P ip e 5 T X _ A D D R : 0 x B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 0 F R X _ A D D R _ P 0 : 0 x B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 0 F T X _ A D D R : 0 x B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 A 3 R X _ A D D R _ P 0 : 0 x B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 A 3 Figure 5: Example on how the acknowledgement addressing is done An nRF24L01 configured as PTX with Enhanced ShockBurst™ enabled, will use the ShockBurst™ feature to send a packet whenever the microcontroller wants to. After the packet has been transmitted, nRF24L01 will switch on its receiver and expect an acknowledgement to arrive from the terminating part. If this acknowledgement fails to arrive, nRF24L01 will retransmit the same packet until it receives an acknowledgement or the number of retries exceeds the number of allowed retries given in the SETUP_RETR_ARC register. If the number of retries exceeds the number of allowed retries, this will show in the STATUS register bit MAX_RT and gives an interrupt. Whenever an acknowledgement is received by an nRF24L01 it will consider the last transmitted packet as delivered. It will then be cleared from the TX FIFO, and the TX_DS IRQ source will be set high. With Enhanced ShockBurst™ nRF24L01 offers the following benefits: • Highly reduced current consumption due to short time on air and sharp timing when operating with acknowledgement traffic • Lower system cost. Since the nRF24L01 handles all the high-speed link layer operations, like re-transmission of lost packet and generating acknowledgement to received packets, it is no need for hardware SPI on the system microcontroller to interface the nRF24L01. The interface can be done by using general purpose IO pins on a low cost microcontroller where the SPI is emulated in firmware. With the nRF24L01 this will be sufficient speed even when running a bi-directional link. • Greatly reduced risk of “on-air” collisions due to short time on air • Easier firmware development since the link layer is integrated on chip PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF24L01 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Radio Transceiver Nordic Semiconductor ASA - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway - Phone +4772898900 - Fax +4772898989 Revision: 1.1 Page 14 of 38 November 2005 Enhanced ShockBurst™ Transmitting Payload: 1. The configuration bit PRIM_RX has to be low. 2. When the application MCU has data to send, the address for receiving node (TX_ADDR) and payload data (TX_PLD) has to be clocked into nRF24L01 via the SPI interface. The width of TX-payload is counted from number of bytes written into the TX FIFO from the MCU. TX_PLD must be written continuously while holding CSN low. TX_ADDR does not have to be rewritten if it is unchanged from last transmit. If the PTX device shall receive acknowledge, data pipe 0 has to be configured to